Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, represent a crucial subgroup in cellular communication. First proposed by Johnstone et al. in 1983 during the study of erythrocyte differentiation, exosomes were officially identified in 1987 through ultracentrifugation. These membrane-bound small bodies, released from cells through the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell membrane,...
One distinctive symptom of allergic rhinitis is persistent sneezing, ranging from a few to numerous sneezes. Allergic rhinitis, also referred to as allergic nasal inflammation, is a non-infectious inflammatory condition affecting the nasal mucosa. It involves various immune cells and cytokines, primarily mediated by IgE (immunoglobulin E), especially histamine. This histamine is released when a...
The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged at the end of 2019, may have receded from public consciousness, but its impact continues to reverberate. Over the past three years, countries worldwide have grappled with multiple waves of widespread infection. Although many nations have now established immunity barriers, the risk of long COVID symptoms and recurrent infections still looms large. Such...
In our globally connected world, the specter of foodborne and waterborne infections continues to cast a shadow over public health. These infections, ranging from commonplace gastrointestinal discomfort to severe, long-lasting conditions like mad cow disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, pose a persistent threat. One prominent example is the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV), which can be...
For cat lovers, the most tragic thing is probably the cat allergy. As soon as you get close to the cat, you sneeze, have a runny nose, or itchy eyes, skin rashes, and even asthma attacks.
There are many people who are allergic to cats, with about 1 in 10 in the population. In some areas, as many as 30% of the population are allergic to cats.
While enduring allergies,...
The field of biopharmaceuticals is playing an increasingly pivotal role in medical treatment but is encountering several challenges. One pressing issue is the short half-life of many biopharmaceutical products, which leads to rapid degradation and clearance from the patient's body, necessitating frequent dosing. In this article, we explore how half-life extension strategies in drug development...
Cells, the microscopic building blocks of the human body, operate like a sophisticated symphony orchestra, finely orchestrating numerous life processes. In this diminutive yet intricate world, ribosomes function as conductors, guiding the synthesis of proteins—the essential constituents of life. However, disruptions in ribosomal function are frequently linked to cellular dysfunction,...
The global market for microfluidic products surged to $9.98 billion in 2019, with microfluidic devices accounting for $3.48 billion of this figure. A notable trend in the industry is the ongoing acquisition of microfluidic companies by larger enterprises, signaling a trajectory of accelerated growth through capital infusion.
In the industrial landscape, in vitro diagnostics (IVD)...
On October 2nd, the Nobel Assembly unveiled the recipients of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: scientists Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman. Their pioneering research in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) has reshaped vaccine development, notably amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Their work has not only saved countless lives but has also alleviated the severity of cases, relieving...
In the dynamic landscape of biomedical research, the realm of tumor treatment is experiencing a transformative shift, with Bispecific Antibodies (BsAbs) emerging as a groundbreaking therapeutic cornerstone in the fight against cancer.
Bispecific antibodies, a class of antibodies adept at simultaneously binding to two distinct antigens, present a paradigm shift in cancer treatment....
Therapeutic antibodies, engineered through biotechnology, represent a specialized class of antibodies used in disease treatment. These antibodies are designed to target specific disease markers, such as malignant tumors, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Compared to traditional antibody therapies, therapeutic antibodies offer higher specificity and fewer side effects.
In...
In our daily lives, vaccination stands as a crucial method for preventing external diseases and fortifying the immune system. Vaccines stimulate the body's immune system to generate antibodies, initiating a robust defense against invading viruses.
However, vaccines are not universally effective, especially considering the continuous mutations in viruses such as the seasonal flu virus...
Microfluidic chips have garnered significant interest from both academic and industrial sectors since their inception. The launch of the journal "Lab on a Chip" in 2001 marked a pivotal moment, quickly establishing itself as a cornerstone publication and catalyzing further global research in microfluidic chips. In 2004, Business 2.0 magazine featured chip laboratories prominently, identifying...
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