The global surface disinfectant market is set to gain impetus from the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. It has surged the need for surface disinfectant as people are persistently sanitizing the places and objects that are coming into frequent human contact for reducing the impact of the virus. This information is given by Fortune Business Insights™ in a recent report, titled, “Surface Disinfectant Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Type (Aerosol, Gel, Liquid, and Wipe), By Composition (Alcohols, Chlorine Compounds, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic Acid, and Others), By Application (Residential, Commercial, Health Care Facility, and Others), and Regional Forecast, 2020-2027.” The report further states that the global surface disinfectant market size was USD 770.6 million in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 1,547.7 million by 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 9.1% during the forecast period.

Information Source - https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/surface-disinfectant-market-103062

This Report Answers the Following Questions:

What are the market drivers, hindrances, and dynamics?
How will the market be affected in the coming years?
Which strategies are being adopted by prominent companies to intensify competition?
Which region is expected to lead the market?
How will the spread of coronavirus infection impact the market?
Drivers & Restraints-

Increasing Prevalence of Hospital-Acquired Infections to Propel Growth

The cases of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are expected to surge the demand for surface disinfectant in the near future. These infections mainly occur when the patients are being treated in the hospitals and are not often detected during the admission procedure. The infections associated with the invasive devices and medical equipment consist of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter associated infections, and surgical site infection. However, surface disinfectants include a wide range of chemicals, namely, acetic acid, peroxides, and hypochlorite. These are very harmful for the human health, as well as for the environment. These factors are expected to hamper the surface disinfectant market growth in the coming years.

Segment-

Residential Segment to Grow Steadily Owing to Awareness About Infections

In terms of applications, the market is divided into health care facilities, commercial, residential, and others. Out of these, the residential segment held 16.1% surface disinfectant market share in 2019. This growth is attributable to the increasing awareness amongst the populaces about the benefits of using surface disinfectants and the spread of several infections. Additionally, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly driving the demand for surface disinfectants.

Regional Analysis-

Rising Government Laws to Maintain Hygiene will Favor Growth in North America

In 2019, North America procured USD 299.9 million in terms of revenue. This growth is attributable to the increasing number of stringent laws put forward by the governments for maintaining proper sanitation and hygiene at public places, food establishments, and hospitals. Europe is set to experience significant growth stoked by the rising utilization of surface disinfectants, especially for household applications. Asia Pacific, on the other hand, is anticipated to exhibit the fastest growth fueled by the increasing expenditure of the governments of numerous countries on public health and cleanliness.

Competitive Landscape-

Key Companies Focus on Product Launches & Collaborations to Surge Sales

The market is highly competitive because of the presence of a large number of international and regional companies. Most of them are either following the strategy of joint ventures and partnerships, or are investing huge sums to launch novel surface disinfectants in the market. These steps are helping them to gain a competitive edge. Below are two of the latest industry developments:

January 2019: Reckitt Benckiser joined hands with Diversey to broaden its presence in North America and to reach out to more hospitals, food joints, and educational institutions.
November 2018: Diversey Inc. launched its one-step cleaner, ready-to-use deodorizer and disinfectant called SureTouch. It contains hydrogen peroxide and was approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for effectively cleaning the facilities.
Fortune Business Insights™ lists out the names of all the surface disinfectant manufacturers operating in the global market. They are as follows:

3M (U.S.)
The Proctor & Gamble Company(U.S.)
Kimberley-Clark Corporation(U.S.)
SC Johnson Professional(U.S.)
The Clorox Company(U.S.)
Ecolab (U.S.)
Metrex Research LLC(U.S.)
Reckitt Benckiser (U.K.)
Diversey Inc.(U.S.)
STERIS plc (Ireland)
Whiteley Corporation (Australia)
Other Key Players

The global surface disinfectant market is set to gain impetus from the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. It has surged the need for surface disinfectant as people are persistently sanitizing the places and objects that are coming into frequent human contact for reducing the impact of the virus. This information is given by Fortune Business Insights™ in a recent report, titled, “Surface Disinfectant Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis, By Type (Aerosol, Gel, Liquid, and Wipe), By Composition (Alcohols, Chlorine Compounds, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic Acid, and Others), By Application (Residential, Commercial, Health Care Facility, and Others), and Regional Forecast, 2020-2027.” The report further states that the global surface disinfectant market size was USD 770.6 million in 2019 and is projected to reach USD 1,547.7 million by 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 9.1% during the forecast period.

Information Source - https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/surface-disinfectant-market-103062

This Report Answers the Following Questions:

What are the market drivers, hindrances, and dynamics?
How will the market be affected in the coming years?
Which strategies are being adopted by prominent companies to intensify competition?
Which region is expected to lead the market?
How will the spread of coronavirus infection impact the market?
Drivers & Restraints-

Increasing Prevalence of Hospital-Acquired Infections to Propel Growth

The cases of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are expected to surge the demand for surface disinfectant in the near future. These infections mainly occur when the patients are being treated in the hospitals and are not often detected during the admission procedure. The infections associated with the invasive devices and medical equipment consist of ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter associated infections, and surgical site infection. However, surface disinfectants include a wide range of chemicals, namely, acetic acid, peroxides, and hypochlorite. These are very harmful for the human health, as well as for the environment. These factors are expected to hamper the surface disinfectant market growth in the coming years.

Segment-

Residential Segment to Grow Steadily Owing to Awareness About Infections

In terms of applications, the market is divided into health care facilities, commercial, residential, and others. Out of these, the residential segment held 16.1% surface disinfectant market share in 2019. This growth is attributable to the increasing awareness amongst the populaces about the benefits of using surface disinfectants and the spread of several infections. Additionally, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly driving the demand for surface disinfectants.

Regional Analysis-

Rising Government Laws to Maintain Hygiene will Favor Growth in North America

In 2019, North America procured USD 299.9 million in terms of revenue. This growth is attributable to the increasing number of stringent laws put forward by the governments for maintaining proper sanitation and hygiene at public places, food establishments, and hospitals. Europe is set to experience significant growth stoked by the rising utilization of surface disinfectants, especially for household applications. Asia Pacific, on the other hand, is anticipated to exhibit the fastest growth fueled by the increasing expenditure of the governments of numerous countries on public health and cleanliness.

Competitive Landscape-

Key Companies Focus on Product Launches & Collaborations to Surge Sales

The market is highly competitive because of the presence of a large number of international and regional companies. Most of them are either following the strategy of joint ventures and partnerships, or are investing huge sums to launch novel surface disinfectants in the market. These steps are helping them to gain a competitive edge. Below are two of the latest industry developments:

January 2019: Reckitt Benckiser joined hands with Diversey to broaden its presence in North America and to reach out to more hospitals, food joints, and educational institutions.
November 2018: Diversey Inc. launched its one-step cleaner, ready-to-use deodorizer and disinfectant called SureTouch. It contains hydrogen peroxide and was approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for effectively cleaning the facilities.
Fortune Business Insights™ lists out the names of all the surface disinfectant manufacturers operating in the global market. They are as follows:

3M (U.S.)
The Proctor & Gamble Company(U.S.)
Kimberley-Clark Corporation(U.S.)
SC Johnson Professional(U.S.)
The Clorox Company(U.S.)
Ecolab (U.S.)
Metrex Research LLC(U.S.)
Reckitt Benckiser (U.K.)
Diversey Inc.(U.S.)
STERIS plc (Ireland)
Whiteley Corporation (Australia)
Other Key Players

The global e-waste management market size was valued at 49.29 million tons in 2021 and touched 50.47 million tons in 2022. The market is expected to exhibit strong growth by reaching 63.22 million tons by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of 3.3% during the forecast period. Increasing circular economy adoption and e-waste handling initiatives and activities are expected to enhance the industry’s growth. Fortune Business Insights™ presents this information in its report titled “E-waste Management Market 2022-2029”.

Information Source - https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/e-waste-management-market-102896

Segments

Small Equipment Segment to Lead Owing to Strong Demand

By category analysis, the market is segmented into temperature exchange equipment, screens and monitors, lamps, large equipment, small equipment, and small IT and telecommunication equipment. The small equipment segment is projected to lead, owing to its rising demand.

Unrecycled Segment to Grow Substantially Owing to Lack of Awareness Regarding Negative Environmental Effects of E-waste

As per type, the market is bifurcated into recycled and unrecycled. The unrecycled segment is expected to lead due to the lack of awareness regarding the negative environmental effects of e-waste.

Regionally, the market is clubbed into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

Report Coverage

The report provides a detailed analysis of the top segments and the latest trends in the market. It comprehensively discusses the driving and restraining factors and the impact of COVID-19 on the market. Additionally, it examines the regional developments and the strategies undertaken by the market's key players.

Driving Factors

Stringent Guidelines Regarding E-waste Disposal to Bolster Industry Growth

E-waste management is initiative undertaken to manage e-waste disposal effectively. Stringent guidelines regarding e-waste disposals are likely to elevate electronics-waste handling solutions’ demand. Further, the increasing prevalence of electronics is likely to allow companies to expand their activities. Moreover, the rising adoption of smartphones has elevated e-waste production. Also, governments undertake several initiatives to overcome e-waste production. For example, the Indian government initiated electronic waste handling solutions’ rules for consumers, bulk consumers, dismantlers, and others responsible for the sale, transfer, manufacturing, and equipment processing. These factors may drive the e-waste management market growth.

However, a lack of awareness regarding e-waste disposal may hamper the industry’s progress.

Regional Insights

Rising Consumption of Electronic and Electrical Components to Foster Market Growth in Asia Pacific

The market in Asia Pacific stood at 21.76 million tons and is expected to gain a huge portion of the global e-waste management market share in the coming years. Further, the increasing manufacturing and rising consumption of electrical and electronic components are expected to bolster service adoption.

In Europe, increasing reusing and e-waste recycling may bolster the demand for management services of e-waste. Furthermore, rising government initiatives for sustainable and greener solutions may bolster service adoption.

Competitive Landscape

Key Players Deploy Partnerships to Bolster their Brand Image

The prominent companies operating in the market deploy partnerships to bolster their brand image. For example, ERI partnered with CellBlock FCS and Call2Recycle to develop an Innovative Battery Collection Solution, OneDrum, in April 2022. The solution was created to allow consumers to transport and place huge consumer single-use and rechargeable battery volumes in a single suitable container. This factor may allow the companies to elevate their brand image. Furthermore, companies opt for acquisitions, mergers, partnerships, and innovations to foster their market position.

Key Industry Development

February 2022: A South Korean construction company SK Ecoplant completed the acquisition of TES, an IT Asset Disposal (ITAD) and e-waste firm, for USD 1 billion.
List of Key Players Profiled in the Report

Capital Environment Holdings Limited (Hong Kong)
Eri (U.S.)
Enviro-Hub Holdings Ltd. (Singapore)
Sembcorp Environmental Management (Singapore)
Tes (Japan)
Tetronics Technologies Limited (U.K.)
Umicore Ag & Co. Kg (Germany)
Veolia (France)
WM Intellectual Property Holdings, L.L.C. (U.S.)
Sims Lifecycle Services, Inc. (U.S.)
Boliden AB (Sweden)

The global graphene market size was valued at USD 269.6 million in 2021. The market is projected to grow from USD 337.0 million in 2022 to USD 2,172.2 million by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of 30.5% during the forecast period.

This information is provided by Fortune Business Insights, in its report titled, “Graphene Market, 2022-2029.”

Information Source - https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/graphene-market-102930

Segments:

GO Segment to Gain Momentum Due to Increasing Applications from Various End-use Industries

Based on product, the market is segmented into graphene oxide (GO), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), and others.

GNP accounted for the largest market share in 2021 and is expected to continue its dominance until 2029.

Aerospace & Defense Segment to Hold a Significant Share Owing to Extensive Adoption of Material

In terms of end-use industry, the market is classified into electronics, aerospace & defense, automotive, energy, and others.

Graphene is revolutionizing the aerospace industry as it improves the functionality of the coatings and composites used in planes, drones, helicopters, and spaceship manufacturing.

Geographically, the market is segregated into North America Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

Report Coverage:

The report offers a detailed study of the market and a keen examination of the major segments of the market. It provides an in-depth analysis of key players and their insightful strategies to spur market growth for monetary gains. It also shares tangible insights, which guide business owners with their investment perspective.

Drivers and Restraints:

Growing Product Penetration in the Electronics Industry to Aid Growth

Owing to it exceptionally high thermal and electrical conductivity and its lightweight nature, it is preferably suitable for electronics applications. The electrons in this allotrope of carbon have higher mobility, and therefore speed up more when applied on an electric field, as compared to semiconductors that are extensively employed in electronic devices, including silicon. Owing to these properties, it produces more proficient devices that function faster than traditional substitutes while using less power.

Regional Insights:

Asia Pacific to Dominate Backed by Favorable Government Policies

Asia Pacific held the largest graphene market share and is anticipated to dominate the market during the forecast period, owing to favorable policies by the government, academic research, and funding in the region.

The market in the North American region is estimated to witness significant growth, owing to growing demand from the aerospace and energy industries, as well as high demand for eco-friendly, strong, efficient, and lightweight goods, driving the graphene market growth in the region.

The market in Europe is anticipated to witness a significant growth rate and may continue its dominance during the forecast period owing to increasing investments in R&D activities.

Competitive Landscape:

Partnerships among Companies to Secure their Brand Values in Global Market

Prominent players in the market are constantly opting for effective strategies to promote their products and establish their positions in the market. One such strategy is to launch new products by partnering with other companies to extend their reach to end-users.

Key Industry Development:

July 2022: Graphenea and Grapheal joined forces to quicken the study on biosensors with GraphLAB, a graphene-based product. GraphLAB is a next-gen assessment method for protein disease and screening detection.

List of Key Players Mentioned in the Report:

Haydale Graphene Industries plc (U.K.)
Graphenea (U.S.)
ACS Material (U.S.)
XG Sciences (U.S.)
Global Graphene Group (U.S.)
Applied Graphene Materials (U.K.)
Grolltex Inc (U.S.)
Directa Plus S.p.A (Italy)
NanoXplore Inc. (Canada)
Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd. (K.)
First Graphene (Australia)
Talga Group (Australia)
Graphite Central (U.S.)

The global neodymium market size was valued at USD 6.76 billion in 2022. The market is poised to expand from USD 5.52 billion in 2023 to USD 7.91 billion by 2030, exhibiting a CAGR of 5.3% over the study period. The expansion is being propelled by the increasing demand for neodymium ferrous boron (NdFeB) magnets from the electronics and automotive industries.

Information Source - https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/neodymium-market-107678

Segmentation:

Magnets Segment to Lead Driven by Soaring Demand from Electronics Sector

By application, the market is fragmented into ceramics & glass, catalysts, magnets, and others. The magnets segment is slated to depict a considerable surge over the forecast period. The expansion is driven by the increasing demand for electronics such as computers, television, motors, mobile phones, and generators.

Based on geography, the market for neodymium has been analyzed across North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

Report Coverage:

The report gives comprehensive coverage of the vital trends boosting the global business scenario over the forthcoming years. It further provides an analysis of the major factors impelling industry expansion over the estimated period. The report also includes an account of the key initiatives undertaken by leading market participants for strengthening their industry positions.

Drivers and Restraints:

Soaring NdFeB Demand across Electronics, Automotive, and Other Sectors to Propel Industry Expansion

The neodymium market growth is being propelled by the rising demand for NdFeB magnets from end-use industries such as electronics and automotive. These magnets are further preferred in a range of applications such as wind turbines, advanced audio-visual equipment, and electric vehicles.

However, the market expansion may be affected by fluctuations in product prices along with a range of factors such as expensive mining activities, supply chain disruptions, and government regulations.

Regional Insights:

Asia Pacific to Emerge as a Leading Region Owing to Growing EV Manufacturing

The Asia Pacific neodymium market share is touted to expand at a lucrative rate over the projected period. The rise is on account of the surging manufacturing of electronic products and electric vehicles.

The North American market is poised to register appreciable expansion over the forecast period. The surge is due to the escalating demand for wind turbines in the region.

The Europe market is slated to record considerable growth throughout the study period. The expansion is driven by the rising wind turbine demand for reduction of costs, improvement of reliability, and decreasing the need for expensive maintenance.

Competitive Landscape:

Key Companies Enter into Partnership Deals to Strengthen Industry Foothold

Major market participants are formulating and forging a range of strategic steps for strengthening the positions of their businesses. These comprise merger agreements, collaborations, partnership agreements, and the formation of alliances. Other initiatives include an increase in R&D activities and the rollout of new solutions.

Key Industry Development:

July 2022 – GE Renewable Energy inked a non-binding MoU with Arafura Resources Limited. The deal was focused on joint cooperation in establishing a sustainable supply chain for NdPr central to the energy transition.

List of Key Players Mentioned in the Report:

Arafura Resources Limited (Australia)
Lynas Rare Earths Ltd (Australia)
HEFA Rare Earth Canada Co. Ltd. (Canada)
MP MATERIALS CORP. (U.S.)
Peak Rare Earths (Australia)
Rainbow Rare Earths Limited (U.K.)
Texas Mineral Resources Corp. (U.S.)
IREL (India) Limited (India)
Australian Strategic Materials Ltd. (Australia)
METALL RARE EARTH LIMITED (China)

The global graphene market size was valued at USD 269.6 million in 2021. The market is projected to grow from USD 337.0 million in 2022 to USD 2,172.2 million by 2029, exhibiting a CAGR of 30.5% during the forecast period.

This information is provided by Fortune Business Insights, in its report titled, “Graphene Market, 2022-2029.”

Information Source - https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/graphene-market-102930

Segments:

GO Segment to Gain Momentum due to Increasing Applications from Various End-use Industries

Based on product, the market is segmented into graphene oxide (GO), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), and others.

GNP accounted for the largest market share in 2021 and is expected to continue its dominance until 2029.

Aerospace & Defense Segment to Hold a Significant Share Owing to Extensive Adoption of Material

In terms of end-use industry, the market is classified into electronics, aerospace & defense, automotive, energy, and others.

Graphene is revolutionizing the aerospace industry as it improves the functionality of the coatings and composites used in planes, drones, helicopters, and spaceships manufacturing.

Geographically, the market is segregated into North America Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa.

Report Coverage:

The report offers a detailed study of the market and a keen examination of the major segments of the market. It provides an in-depth analysis of key players and their insightful strategies to spur the market growth for monetary gains. It also shares tangible insights, which guide business owners with their investment perspective.

Drivers and Restraints:

Growing Product Penetration in the Electronics Industry to Aid Growth

Owing to it exceptionally high thermal and electrical conductivity and its lightweight nature, it is preferably suitable for electronics applications. The electrons in this allotrope of carbon have higher mobility, and therefore speed up more when applied on an electric field, as compared to semiconductors that are extensively employed in electronic devices, including silicon. Owing to these properties, it produces more proficient devices that function faster than traditional substitutes while using less power.

Regional Insights:

Asia Pacific to Dominate Backed by Favorable Government Policies

Asia Pacific held the largest graphene market share and is anticipated to dominate the market during the forecast period, owing to favorable policies by the government, academic research, and funding in the region.

The market in the North America region is estimated to witness significant growth, owing to growing demand from the aerospace and energy industries, as well as high demand for eco-friendly, strong, efficient, and lightweight goods, driving the graphene market growth in the region.

The market in Europe is anticipated to witness a significant growth rate and may continue its dominance during the forecast period owing to increasing investments in R&D activities.

Competitive Landscape:

Partnerships among Companies to Secure their Brand Values in Global Market

Prominent players in the market are constantly opting for effective strategies to promote their products and establish their positions in the market. One such strategy is to launch new products by partnering with other companies to extend their reach to end-users.

Key Industry Development:

July 2022: Graphenea and Grapheal joined forces to quicken study on biosensors with GraphLAB, a graphene-based product. GraphLAB is a next-gen assessment method for protein disease and screening detection.

List of Key Players Mentioned in the Report:

Haydale Graphene Industries plc (U.K.)
Graphenea (U.S.)
ACS Material (U.S.)
XG Sciences (U.S.)
Global Graphene Group (U.S.)
Applied Graphene Materials (U.K.)
Grolltex Inc (U.S.)
Directa Plus S.p.A (Italy)
NanoXplore Inc. (Canada)
Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd. (K.)
First Graphene (Australia)
Talga Group (Australia)
Graphite Central (U.S.)

PSYCHOANALYSIS-
The Coronation on the Couch.
The psychoanalysis of the coronation: elites, rituals, and why we need to watch.
Reviewed by Jessica Schrader

KEY POINTS-
Psychoanalysis has been applied to why some societies have a monarchy.
The psychological defence mechanism of "splitting" may explain why a democracy needs a royal family in order to survive.
All rituals, like coronations, serve to provide a sense of control.
Uncovering the hidden psychological meanings that lie behind the often mysterious, elaborate, pomp and circumstance of the coronation was originally attempted by the first English-speaking practitioner of psychoanalysis, Dr. Ernest Jones.

This analysis suggested that democracies, paradoxically, need royal families in order to survive in the longest term. This contention has ominous implications for republics like the USA. One interpretation of his argument could relate to the violent invasion on Capitol Hill that erupted in the USA following an election result that some refused to accept—a kind of political upheaval that has not flared up during the modern era in the U.K.

Ernest Jones was not just a lifelong friend of the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, but he was also his official biographer. The Welsh neurologist and psychoanalyst became perhaps the most influential figure in the establishment of this particular form of therapy outside of continental Europe.

Jones, who died in 1958, published an essay in 1936 entitled "The Psychology of Constitutional Monarchy," which applied psychoanalysis to the royal family.

The disciple of Freud argued that once you understand the true role of kings and queens in our collective unconscious, you will begin to grasp that royalty and rituals, such as coronations, are hugely politically and emotionally significant.

The unexpected twist in the argument from Ernest Jones is that the monarchy—despite being associated with dictatorship—in fact, in a democracy, provides a necessary psychological stabilising framework. A society that would otherwise be tormented by division, so remains united, without falling into anarchy and civil unrest.

The electorate inevitably experience ambivalence or doubt over figures of authority. The benefits of being ruled are that we feel protected, and are given a direction imposed by a ruler. Yet we all also resent being ordered about, aggrieved by restrictions placed upon our freedom.

This means any form of governing can’t escape from a basic yet serious predicament: How do you get any unruly electorate to accept the sacrifices involved in being ruled, without the inevitable resentment spilling out into disobedience and law-breaking?

In a famous essay of 1937, “Analysis Terminable and Interminable,'' Freud asserts that “government, education, and analysis” constitute three impossible professions, the results of which are doomed to “failure."

However, Jones argues, the British constitutional arrangement gets around this fundamental problem by resolving its governing body into two separate elements. On the one side stands Parliament, with its rival factions and its political disputes. This receives the brunt of the electorate’s hostility and resentment over being governed.

But on the other side stands the crown, symbolizing ancient tradition, continuity, and the wider social and political order, and which therefore basks in the glow of respect and admiration.

Ernest Jones was invoking the psychological defence mechanism of "splitting," which helps us deal with unresolved conflict. The royal family and the coronation assist with "splitting." Splitting was first described by Freud, where he referred to a mental process by which two separate and contradictory versions of reality could co-exist.

Splitting as a defence mechanism allows us to handle a contradiction, the presence of a beloved royal family at the top, and allows us to accept a hated government.

Dr. Nassir Ghaemi, professor of psychiatry at Tufts Medical Center in Boston and clinical lecturer at Harvard Medical School, recently echoed this argument when he speculated that one reason the violent storming of Capitol Hill occurred in the U.S., with no equivalent event in the monarchist U.K., may be linked to the absence of a unifying constitutional figure, in the form of a king, in North America.

Precisely because you can’t vote a king or queen out, they hang around for much longer periods than voters tolerate presidents or prime ministers, so a unique constitutional continuity is provided by someone like Queen Elizabeth, who reigned for 70 years. The next longest reign in U.K. history is that of Queen Victoria (63 years), who, intriguingly, given Ernest Jones’ and Nassir Ghaemi’s argument, presided over the establishment of the largest empire the world has ever seen.

Professor Ghaemi’s article, entitled "Society Without the Mother—Lessons from Queen Elizabeth," argues that North Americans are raised on the assumption that a democratic republic is the best form of government, but one clear defect is that leaders change every few years. There is no consistent father or mother figure to pull a nation together. We all need an upwardly directed relationship with someone we look up to who helps us repress our child-like impulsive urges to wreak havoc, and throw our toys out of the pram, when we don’t get our way.

Nassir Ghaemi argues that while the U.S. has a written constitution, which is supposed to unify it, there is no living long-term unifying leader; the U.K. has a uniting parental figure in the monarch, and so survives with no written document.

Does a king or a queen help stand against the violence of the mob?

The German psychoanalyst, Alexander Mitscherlich, published an influential 1963 book explaining the Nazi experience, titled Society without the Father.

In a pure democracy, there is no father or parental figure; in an autocracy, the father has too much power; and a constitutional monarchy gets it just right.

But, many of us instinctively object to kings and coronations because it seems we are submissive bystanders merely witnessing an elite celebrating its dominance. Yet we also seem to crave an upwardly-directed relationship, perhaps an overhang of our childhood experience of needing parents to look up to.

By definition, elites conceal what it is like to be in the inner circle, so we become driven by a need to pry into what is forbidden.

A coronation fills our psychological need for a glimpse of the inner sanctum of the elite. This is the same need that is being filled by the voyeur who is beset by a conviction that no matter how much they peep, something is forever being hidden from them.

This may be the same emotional need that drives the enormous popularity of TV shows like The Kardashians or Succession.

Unlike those series, the royal family is a serial that’s been running for centuries, and the rituals of the coronation remind us of a sense of continuity we all crave.

Because we all want to know where we came from.

Even if we don’t know what the future holds, all rituals, like coronations, serve to provide a sense of control, which is helpful when everything around us begins to feel out of control.

This is exactly why sufferers of anxiety disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) perform rituals.

If watching the coronation stirs up strong emotions, yet also, strangely, calms you down, now you know why.

Why Some Psychopaths Succeed.
New findings on the "successful psychopath" phenomenon.
Reviewed by Tyler Woods

KEY POINTS-
Psychopathy is characterized by callous and unemotional traits.
People with more psychopathic traits may be more susceptible to engaging in immoral or criminal acts.
A subset of people with psychopathic traits could use these to their advantage and be more successful in their lives.

The concept of psychopathy conjures up stereotypes from films of aggressive and callous individuals willing to inflict harm on unsuspecting strangers purely for their own amusement. However, the science of psychopathy is somewhat less exciting than this and has tended to focus on measurement issues and the degree to which it is accurate to label somebody a "psychopath" at all.

More recently, however, attention is being turned toward the notion that people can have relatively high levels of psychopathic traits while still living productive and socially-meaningful lives.

Defining Psychopathy
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse, and a tendency towards impulsive and risky behavior. Traditionally, psychopathy has been seen as a negative and maladaptive trait, and individuals with psychopathic tendencies have often been associated with criminal behavior and social dysfunction.

There are several tools that are commonly used to measure psychopathy and its associated traits, including the Hare Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R), which is currently the gold-standard assessment method. These tools assess various aspects of psychopathy, including traits such as manipulativeness, lack of remorse, and grandiosity.

The PCL-R is scored on a scale from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating a greater presence of psychopathic traits. Each item on the checklist is scored on a 3-point scale, with 0 being "not present," 1 being "presently or possibly present," and 2 being "definitely present."

The total score is calculated by summing the scores on each item. Although not a diagnostic tool, the summed score can be used for assessing psychopathic traits and for providing information that can be used in treatment and management decisions in clinical or forensic contexts.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), psychopathic traits are characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others, as well as a lack of remorse or guilt. These traits can manifest in a variety of ways, including manipulation, impulsivity, and a lack of empathy or concern for others. Individuals with such traits may be more likely to engage in criminal or unethical behavior, and they may struggle with relationships and other aspects of life.

"Successful Psychopaths"?
Despite the negative framing of the DSM, there have been recent investigations into the concept of "successful psychopathy," as researchers have begun to explore the ways in which individuals with psychopathic traits might be able to achieve success in society. Successful psychopathy refers to the ability of individuals with psychopathic traits to achieve success in their careers or other areas of life, despite their lack of empathy and other traditionally negative traits.

There are a variety of factors that might contribute to successful psychopathy, including intelligence, charm, and a lack of fear or anxiety. People with psychopathic traits may also be more likely to take risks and be more confident and decisive, which can be valuable qualities in certain careers or situations.

These ideas were recently investigated by a team of psychologists led by Louise Wallace, a lecturer in forensic psychology at the University of Derby (U.K.). The researchers reviewed data from 18 published studies of psychopathy and were looking for things that might associate psychopathy with positive outcomes, rather than the negative issues reported within the traditional literature.

What they found was particularly interesting. Writing in their paper, Wallace and colleagues suggest:

"The combination of fearless dominance and affective-interpersonal traits (e.g., charm, manipulativeness, and grandiosity), which are more consistently associated with success, but an absence of impulsivity and an erratic lifestyle... could suggest that moderate levels of psychopathy could enable an individual to become more successful, but extremely high levels could be detrimental to successful outcome."

This may mean that those with more immunity to stress and a willingness to take risks within their personal and professional lives—despite these being indicators of subclinical psychopathic traits—may be at a unique advantage for living successful lives. The authors take aim at the existing psychopathy literature within their paper, identifying how a research focus on violence and antisocial behavior from those working within forensic psychology has obscured the presence of the "successful psychopathy" construct.

The Multifaceted Nature of Psychopathy
It is important to recognize that psychopathy is a complex and multifaceted concept, and that successful psychopathy does not necessarily mean that individuals with psychopathic traits are healthy or well-adjusted. In fact, many people with psychopathic traits may struggle with relationships and other aspects of life, and may also be more prone to engaging in unethical or criminal behavior.

That said, the concept of successful psychopathy highlights the ways in which individuals with psychopathic traits may be able to achieve success in society. It represents an exciting development in the psychological literature on psychopathy, describing how psychopathic traits may be associated with certain advantages in certain situations. It is important to recognize the limitations and complexities of the concept of psychopathy and to approach it with the nuance that this new research identifies as being necessary.